NLP Parts Work and Hypnotherapy

The Power of Parts Integration in Modern Hypnotherapy

If you're practicing hypnotherapy, counseling, or NLP, you've probably met countless clients wrestling with these internal battles.

This is where the magic happens - when parts work meets the transformative power of hypnosis. When you skillfully blend NLP parts work techniques with hypnotic processes, you can help clients achieve breakthroughs that address long-standing internal conflicts.

That's the kind of work that makes this field so rewarding.

In this guide, we're diving deep into the art and science of combining these powerful approaches. You'll discover how to identify and work with subpersonalities, master essential integration techniques, and navigate those tricky moments with confidence. Whether you're just starting with parts work or looking to refine your existing skills, we'll equip you with practical strategies that'll enhance your effectiveness and create lasting change for your clients.

Understanding Parts Work: The Foundation of Internal Integration

What Are Parts and Subpersonalities?

Parts work rests on a simple yet profound idea: our psyche contains multiple aspects or "parts" that sometimes clash with one another. We're not talking about multiple personalities in the clinical sense—think of them more as different facets of personality that have developed to serve specific functions in our lives.

You might recognize some of these familiar characters:

• The Protector: Keeps you safe from perceived threats
• The Achiever: Drives you toward success and accomplishment
• The Caretaker: Ensures others' needs are met
• The Inner Critic: Maintains standards through self-evaluation
• The Rebel: Seeks freedom and autonomy

These subpersonalities often develop during childhood as adaptive responses to our environment. While they initially serve protective functions, they can become outdated or overly rigid, creating internal conflict and limiting our potential for growth.

The theory of structural dissociation, developed by researchers including Onno van der Hart, Ellert Nijenhuis, and Kathy Steele, suggests that dissociation results from a failure to integrate different systems of ideas and functions within the personality following potentially traumatizing events.

The Neuroscience Behind Parts Work

Research published in Cerebral Cortex found that hypnosis can alter brain connectivity patterns, with reduced activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and changes in functional connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and other brain regions.

The brain's capacity for neuroplasticity means that through targeted interventions like hypnotherapy and NLP, we can facilitate changes in neural pathways. Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. This scientific foundation supports the potential for therapeutic interventions to create lasting changes in how different aspects of the self relate to one another.

The Synergy of NLP and Hypnotherapy in Parts Work

Why Combine These Modalities?

While both NLP and hypnotherapy offer powerful tools for parts work on their own, combining them creates something special—a synergistic effect that can amplify therapeutic outcomes. Here's why this integration works effectively:

1. Enhanced State Access

Hypnotherapy provides deep trance states that can make internal parts more accessible and responsive to therapeutic work. The relaxed, focused state of hypnosis naturally reduces critical thinking, allowing for more fluid communication between different aspects of self. Research has shown that hypnosis involves specific changes in brain activity, including alterations in the salience network and executive control network.

2. Precision and Structure

NLP brings systematic approaches and specific techniques for parts negotiation and integration. The structured nature of NLP protocols, as outlined in foundational texts like The Structure of Magic by Richard Bandler and John Grinder, provides practitioners with clear frameworks for navigating complex internal dynamics.

3. Unconscious and Conscious Integration

While hypnotherapy excels at unconscious processing, NLP techniques often engage both conscious and unconscious resources. This dual approach can facilitate changes at multiple levels of awareness, addressing both explicit and implicit aspects of experience.

4. Therapeutic Efficiency

The combination can produce meaningful therapeutic progress, though it's important to maintain realistic expectations about timeframes. Different clients will respond at different rates depending on the complexity of their presenting issues, their readiness for change, and various other factors.

Essential NLP Parts Work Techniques

Visual Squash Technique

The Visual Squash, created by Richard Bandler, remains one of the well-known NLP interventions for parts integration. Here's a protocol that practitioners have found useful:

Step 1: Identify the Conflict

Help the client clearly articulate the internal conflict and ensure they can identify both sides of the issue.

Step 2: Separate the Parts

Have the client imagine holding one part in their left hand and the other in their right. Guide them to visualize or sense each part's characteristics. According to Bandler, this externalization helps create psychological distance that facilitates negotiation.

Step 3: Discover Positive Intentions

Ask each part to reveal its positive intention for the client. Continue exploring deeper intentions until both parts reveal a common higher purpose. This process is based on the NLP presupposition that all behaviors have positive intentions at some level.

Step 4: Negotiate Integration

Facilitate communication between the parts, helping them recognize their shared goals. This collaborative approach honors both aspects rather than forcing one to dominate the other.

Step 5: Physical Integration

Guide the client to slowly bring their hands together. As hands meet, suggest the parts merge into a new, integrated whole. This kinesthetic component reinforces the integration symbolically and experientially.

Core Transformation Process

Connirae Andreas developed this approach to parts work in the late 1980s after experiencing profound personal change from a session with Milton Erickson. The Core Transformation process involves:

Begin by welcoming the part with curiosity and appreciation. Ask: "What do you want for me by doing X?" Continue asking: "And when you have that fully and completely, what do you want that's even more important?" Repeat until reaching what Andreas calls a "core state"—typically experiences described as peace, oneness, love, or being.

The process then involves allowing this core state to transform how the part functions. According to Andreas, reaching these core state experiences is a key to the effectiveness of Core Transformation, as many parts require this deeper level of experience to integrate fully.

Six-Step Reframing

This classic NLP pattern, described in various NLP training materials, provides a structured approach to parts negotiation:

1. Identify the pattern to be changed
2. Establish communication with the part responsible
3. Separate behavior from intention
4. Access creative resources to generate new behaviors
5. Gain commitment from the part to try new behaviors
6. Ecological check to ensure all parts agree

The technique works by establishing communication with the unconscious mind to negotiate improved alternative behaviors that resolve internal conflict and align with conscious goals.

Hypnotic Approaches to Parts Integration

The Conference Room Technique

This hypnotic intervention, developed within the ego state therapy tradition, creates a safe internal space for parts dialogue:

Induction Phase:

Guide the client into a comfortable trance state using their preferred induction method. Deepen the trance with suggestions of safety and curiosity.

Creating the Space:

"As you continue to relax, imagine yourself in a beautiful conference room—your own private meeting space. Notice the comfortable chairs, the peaceful atmosphere, and the sense of safety here…"

Inviting the Parts:

"Invite all parts involved in this issue to join you at the conference table. Notice who arrives, how they appear, where they choose to sit…"

Facilitating Dialogue:

"Allow each part to speak, sharing their concerns and desires. You may be surprised by what you learn as these parts communicate with respect and understanding…"

Integration:

"As agreement is reached, notice how these parts begin to work together, perhaps even merging into a new, unified team dedicated to your highest good…"

The conference room technique, sometimes called the "dissociative table technique," was developed by practitioners including George Fraser as a strategy for working with ego states.

The Inner Meeting Intervention

This creative approach works well with clients who have multiple internal perspectives:

Guide the client to imagine a gathering space for all their parts. Each part arrives with its own personality, appearance, and energy. Facilitate introductions and interactions between parts. Help parts discover common ground and shared interests. Conclude with an integration of these various perspectives into a more cohesive sense of self.

Ego State Therapy Integration

Ego State Therapy, developed by John and Helen Watkins at the University of Montana, integrates psychoanalytic practice and hypnoanalytic techniques. The Watkins' approach involves:

Using hypnotic techniques to identify when ego states first emerged. Providing resources and healing to younger ego states through hypnotic processes. Facilitating communication between the current adult self and younger parts. Integration occurs through therapeutic work that addresses the needs and concerns of different ego states.

According to the Watkins' theory, ego states are normal aspects of personality that can become problematic when they operate in rigid or conflicting ways.

Advanced Integration Strategies

The Timeline Integration Protocol

This technique combines NLP timeline work with parts integration. Timeline Therapy, developed by Tad James, utilizes a person's internal representation of time to work with unconscious processes:

1. Access a relaxed state and imagine viewing your timeline from above
2. Identify when each part first emerged
3. Provide resources to your younger self at that time
4. Renegotiate the parts' roles from this resourced perspective
5. Notice how changes ripple through your timeline
6. Future pace the integrated state into upcoming experiences

Timeline Therapy has been used to address various issues by working with how memories and future projections are stored along an internal timeline.

Somatic Parts Integration

• Have clients notice where each part manifests in their body. 
• Use breathwork to create a sense of flow between parts.
• Guide movement exercises to embody integration.
• Anchor the integrated state with specific gestures or postures.

Research on embodied cognition and the role of the insula in interoceptive awareness supports the relevance of including somatic elements in therapeutic work[39][42].

Metaphorical Integration

Leveraging the power of metaphor for unconscious integration draws on the Ericksonian tradition of using stories and metaphors therapeutically:

• Create stories where different characters (representing parts) must cooperate. 
• Use nature metaphors (rivers joining, colors blending).
• Employ archetypal imagery for deep psychological resonance.
• Weave client-generated metaphors into the integration process.

Milton Erickson was renowned for his use of metaphor and storytelling in hypnotherapy, often using multilayered narratives that worked simultaneously at conscious and unconscious levels.

Practical Session Structures

Session One: Assessment and Preparation

Opening (10-15 minutes):

Establish rapport and gather information about the presenting issue. Explain parts work concepts in accessible terms. Set appropriate expectations about the therapeutic process.

Parts Identification (20-30 minutes):

Use questioning to identify conflicting parts. Map the internal landscape, noting which parts seem most active or dominant. Identify positive intentions where possible.

Initial Communication (15-20 minutes):

Use light trance work to establish initial parts dialogue. Gather information from each part. Build curiosity and openness to the process.

Between Sessions:

Clients might journal about parts' messages or notice when different parts become active in daily life.

Session Two: Integration Work

Review and Preparation (10 minutes):

Discuss insights from between sessions. Calibrate readiness for deeper integration work.

Hypnotic Integration (30-40 minutes):

Conduct a full trance induction. Implement chosen integration technique based on the client's needs and the practitioner's assessment. Process the experience.

Integration Reinforcement (10-15 minutes):

Future pacing to rehearse new integrated responses. Create behavioral tasks that support integration. Install confidence anchors if appropriate.

Session Three: Consolidation and Future Planning

Integration Check (15 minutes):

Assess changes since the last session. Address any concerns or resistances that have emerged.

Strengthening Work (25-30 minutes):

Hypnotic rehearsal of integrated behaviors. Build resilience strategies. Conduct ecological testing to ensure changes are harmonious with the client's life.

Conclusion (10-15 minutes):

Acknowledge changes. Create a maintenance plan. Discuss ongoing self-practice strategies.

Note: The number and structure of sessions should be tailored to individual client needs. Some clients may require more sessions, while others may progress more quickly.

Common Challenges and Solutions

Challenge 1: Parts Reluctant to Communicate

Solution:

Increase safety through deeper NLP rapport building. Use indirect approaches such as metaphor and storytelling. Work with willing parts first to build trust within the system. Employ ideomotor signals (unconscious finger movements) for yes/no communication.

Sometimes parts are like shy individuals at a gathering—they need extra reassurance before they'll participate.

Challenge 2: Large Number of Parts

Solution:

Start with the most prominent conflict rather than attempting to address everything at once. Group similar parts into categories. Use structured techniques like the conference room to manage multiple perspectives. Consider system-wide interventions like Core Transformation that can affect multiple parts simultaneously.

Challenge 3: Parts Protecting Traumatic Material

Solution:

Respect protective parts' concerns—they developed for good reasons. Work collaboratively, not forcefully. Consider referring for specialized trauma treatment when indicated. Use gentle, resource-building approaches that honor the protective function.

Research on structural dissociation and complex trauma emphasizes the importance of phase-oriented treatment that respects protective mechanisms.

Remember: protective parts are performing an important function. Honor their wisdom while gently exploring new possibilities.

Challenge 4: Integration Doesn't Maintain

Solution:

Check for ecological concerns—are there unintended consequences of the change? Strengthen future pacing with more detailed rehearsal. Create better behavioral bridges between sessions. Address potential secondary gains that might maintain the old pattern.

Hypothetical Case Examples: Integration in Action

Note: The following are composite, hypothetical examples created for educational purposes, not actual client cases.

Example 1: The Perfectionist and The Creative

A hypothetical client, a graphic designer, might experience conflict between a perfectionist part demanding flawless work and a creative part wanting to experiment. Using the Visual Squash technique in hypnosis, both parts might discover they share the intention of professional success and creative fulfillment. Integration could allow for creating exploratory drafts while applying discernment in refinement stages.

Example 2: The Protector and The Adventurer

Consider a hypothetical engineer conflicted between a protective part focused on financial security and an adventurous part craving entrepreneurial freedom. Through a Conference Room technique, these parts might negotiate a gradual transition plan honoring both safety and growth, potentially leading to a side business development strategy.

Example 3: Multiple Parts Integration

A hypothetical teacher with multiple conflicting parts around career decisions might benefit from a group integration intervention. Working with several aspects of personality simultaneously could reveal common underlying values and goals, leading to creative solutions that honor multiple needs.

These examples illustrate general patterns practitioners might encounter, though actual client work is always more nuanced and individual.

Ethical Considerations and Best Practices

Informed Consent

Always explain parts work clearly before beginning:

Describe the process in accessible, non-technical terms. Set realistic expectations about the therapeutic process. Obtain explicit permission to proceed. Respect client autonomy throughout all phases of treatment.

Scope of Practice

Know your limitations and respect them:

Do not attempt to treat diagnosed Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) or other dissociative disorders without specialized training and appropriate credentials. The International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation provides guidelines emphasizing that DID treatment requires specific expertise. Refer complex trauma cases to appropriately qualified specialists. Stay within your competency level. Pursue ongoing education and supervision.

Ecological Checking

Ensure all changes serve the client's wellbeing:

Test proposed changes against all life contexts. Check for unintended consequences. Verify that changes are acceptable across different aspects of the client's life. Build in flexibility for future adjustments as needed.

Building Your Parts Work Expertise

Essential Skills to Develop

1. Calibration Excellence

Practice reading subtle shifts in physiology. Develop sensitivity to voice tone changes. Notice energetic shifts during parts work. These observational skills enhance your ability to track when different parts are present or active.

2. Linguistic Flexibility

Master the use of permissive language patterns. Develop metaphorical fluency. Practice embedded suggestions within conversational hypnosis.

3. State Management

Maintain centered presence during intense therapeutic work. Model integrated states for clients. Develop your own personal integration practices to enhance your effectiveness as a practitioner.

Recommended Training Path

1. Foundation: Complete basic NLP Practitioner certification and Hypnotherapy training from reputable organizations
2. Specialization: Pursue advanced training in specific approaches such as IFS (through the IFS Institute), Core Transformation, or Ego State Therapy
3. Integration: Practice combining techniques under qualified supervision
4. Mastery: Develop your unique therapeutic style through continued experience and learning

Ongoing Development

Join practice groups for skill refinement. Attend workshops and trainings that integrate multiple modalities. Seek mentorship from experienced practitioners. Document your work and reflect on your cases for continuous learning. Stay current with research in neuroscience, hypnosis, and therapeutic change.

The Evolution of Parts Work Integration

Current Developments

The field continues to evolve with various developments:

Integration with biofeedback and neurofeedback technology. Enhanced understanding of trauma and dissociation through neuroscience research. Cross-cultural adaptations of parts work approaches. Integration with mindfulness-based interventions.

Research Opportunities

As practitioners, we can contribute to the field's development by:

Documenting therapeutic outcomes systematically. Participating in outcome studies when opportunities arise. Sharing insights through professional channels. Collaborating with researchers investigating therapeutic mechanisms.

While some approaches like Internal Family Systems have gained research support and recognition (IFS is listed in SAMHSA's National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs and Practices), continued research across all parts work modalities will strengthen the evidence base.

Your Journey with Integrated Parts Work

The combination of NLP precision with hypnotic depth creates something valuable—a therapeutic approach that honors both the complexity of human psychology and our capacity for integration and wholeness. When you skillfully weave these modalities together, you can help clients resolve internal conflicts that may have persisted for extended periods.

Here's what experience in this field teaches: expertise in parts work integration develops through ongoing practice, study, and refinement. Each client will teach you something new about how internal parts organize themselves and the creative solutions that emerge when we provide supportive conditions for integration.

As you continue developing your skills, trust in the therapeutic process and maintain a stance of curiosity and respect toward both your clients' experiences and your own developing abilities. Stay curious, remain humble, and honor the privilege of witnessing that meaningful moment when conflicting parts discover they can work together harmoniously. Your commitment to this integrated approach will enhance your effectiveness as a practitioner and contribute to your clients' wellbeing.

Take Action: Your Next Steps

Ready to integrate these techniques into your practice? Here's how to begin:

1. Start with Foundation: Ensure you have proper training in both NLP and hypnotherapy from recognized training organizations before attempting complex parts work
2. Document Your Experience: Keep professional notes on your parts work sessions to track patterns and insights while maintaining ethical documentation practices
3. Seek Supervision: Work with qualified supervisors or mentors as you develop these skills, particularly when addressing complex presentations
4. Invest in Training: Consider advanced certification in specific parts work modalities such as IFS, Core Transformation, or Ego State Therapy
5. Join Professional Communities: Connect with colleagues through professional organizations to exchange experiences and continue learning

Remember, expertise develops through dedicated practice and ongoing education. Your willingness to learn and integrate evidence-based approaches is fundamental to becoming an effective practitioner.

Sources

IFS Institute. (n.d.). Richard C. Schwartz, Ph.D. - The Founder of Internal Family Systems. Retrieved from https://ifs-institute.com/about-us/richard-c-schwartz-phd

NLP-Techniques.org. (n.d.). Visual Squash - NLP Technique. Retrieved from https://www.nlp-techniques.org/what-is-nlp/visual-squash/

Andreas NLP. (n.d.). How Does Core Transformation Get Such Life-Changing Emotional Healing Results? Retrieved from https://www.andreasnlp.com/articles/how-does-core-transformation-get-such-life-changing-emotional-healing-results/

Wikipedia. (2024). Richard C. Schwartz. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RichardC.Schwartz

Andreas NLP. (n.d.). Core Transformation Training. Retrieved from https://www.andreasnlp.com/trainings/core-transformation/

Ego State Therapy International. (n.d.). Jack and Helen Watkins. Retrieved from https://www.egostateinternational.com/jack-and-helen-watkins.php

NLP-Techniques.org. (n.d.). Powerful Six Step Reframing. Retrieved from https://www.nlp-techniques.org/what-is-nlp/six-step-reframing/

Watkins, J. G., & Watkins, H. H. (1997). Ego States: Theory and Therapy. W. W. Norton & Company.

The Weekend University. (n.d.). The Psychology of Parts: Dissociation, IFS, and the Multiple Yous. Retrieved from https://theweekenduniversity.com/psychology-of-parts/

 Hypnotherapy Directory. (n.d.). How Can Hypnotherapy Help Harness Neuroplasticity? Retrieved from https://www.hypnotherapy-directory.org.uk/articles/how-can-hypnotherapy-help-harness-neuroplasticity

Kor, A., Xu, H., Tata, L. J., Thakkar, V., Pivodic, A., & Barnett, J. H. (2020). Know Thy Selves: Learning to Understand Oneself Increases the Ability to Understand Others. Journal of Cognitive Enhancement, 1(2), 197-209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41465-017-0023-6

Tad James Company. (n.d.). Time Line Therapy® Training. Retrieved from https://www.nlpcoaching.com/time-line-therapy/

Cascade Hypnosis Training. (n.d.). The Brain's Capacity for Change: How Neuroplasticity Fuels Hypnotherapy's Success. Retrieved from https://cascadehypnosistraining.com/blog/the-brains-capacity-for-change-how-neuroplasticity-fuels-hypnotherapys-success

Sood, M., Newman, A., Kowatch, R., Frazier, T., Rexford, J., Joshi, S., Sood, M., Aftab, A., Case, M., Muzina, D., Raab, E., & Deckersbach, T. (2025). A pilot study of an online group-based Internal Family Systems intervention for PTSD and substance use disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 16, 1544435. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1544435

Tad James Company. (n.d.). What is Time Line Therapy®? Retrieved from https://www.nlpcoaching.com/what-is-time-line-therapy/

Hypnotherapy Directory. (n.d.). Ericksonian Hypnosis. Retrieved from https://www.hypnotherapy-directory.org.uk/approach/ericksonian.html

Erickson Foundation. (n.d.). Ericksonian Hypnosis and Therapy Techniques. Retrieved from https://catalog.erickson-foundation.org/page/ericksonian-hypnosis-therapy-techniques

Fraser, G. A. (1991). The Dissociative Table Technique: A Strategy for Working with Ego States in Dissociative Disorders and Ego-State Therapy. Dissociation, 4(4), 205-213. Retrieved from https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/items/2a4bd137-c19c-49bf-a0dc-291358d66edd

Van der Hart, O., Nijenhuis, E., & Steele, K. (2006). The Haunted Self: Structural Dissociation and the Treatment of Chronic Traumatization. W. W. Norton & Company.

Fraser, G. A. (1991). The Dissociative Table Technique. Retrieved from https://thegreenwill.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Fraser.pdf

Andreas, C., & Andreas, T. (2015). Core Transformation: Reaching the Wellspring Within. Real People Press.

Bandler, R., & Grinder, J. (1975). The Structure of Magic: A Book About Language and Therapy. Science and Behavior Books.

NLP-Techniques.org. (n.d.). Visual Squash - NLP Technique. Retrieved from https://www.nlp-techniques.org/what-is-nlp/nlp-technique-visual-squash/

National Center for Biotechnology Information. (n.d.). Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): An Invaluable Tool. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538909/

Koller, K., Rafaelsen, O. J., & Nielsen, J. S. (2022). Functional Changes in Brain Activity Using Hypnosis: A Systematic Review. Brain Sciences, 12(1), 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12010108

Jiang, H., White, M. P., Greicius, M. D., Waelde, L. C., & Spiegel, D. (2017). Brain Activity and Functional Connectivity Associated with Hypnosis. Cerebral Cortex, 27(8), 4083-4093. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhw220

Hosseini, S. M. H., & Kramer, J. H. (2012). Functional Neuroimaging of Treatment Effects in Psychiatry. International Journal of Neuroscience, 122(9), 483-493. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207454.2012.678446

Jiang, H., Casanova, R., Spiegel, D., & Migotsky, N. (2024). Stanford Hypnosis Integrated with Functional Connectivity-targeted Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Nature Mental Health, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44220-023-00184-z

Watkins, H. H., & Watkins, J. G. Ego States: Theory and Therapy. Retrieved from https://www.abebooks.com/9780393702590/Ego-States-Theory-Therapy-Watkins-0393702596/plp

Watkins, J. G., & Watkins, H. H. (1997). Ego States: Theory and Therapy. W. W. Norton & Company. Retrieved from https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/ego-states-helen-h-watkins/1100880972

Van der Hart, O., Nijenhuis, E., & Steele, K. (2006). The Haunted Self: Structural Dissociation and the Treatment of Chronic Traumatization. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/hauntedselfstruc0000hart

Schwartz, R. C., & Sweezy, M. (2019). Internal Family Systems Therapy (2nd ed.). Guilford Press. Retrieved from https://www.guilford.com/books/Internal-Family-Systems-Therapy/Schwartz-Sweezy/9781462541461

Yapko, M. D. (2018). Trancework: An Introduction to the Practice of Clinical Hypnosis (5th ed.). Routledge. Retrieved from https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781351246309/trancework-michael-yapko-michael-yapko-michael-yapko

International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation. (2011). Guidelines for Treating Dissociative Identity Disorder in Adults, Third Revision. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 12, 115-187. Retrieved from https://www.isst-d.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/GUIDELINES_REVISED2011.pdf

Schwartz, R. C., & Sweezy, M. (2019). Internal Family Systems Therapy, Second Edition [Audiobook]. Retrieved from https://www.audible.com/pd/Internal-Family-Systems-Therapy-Second-Edition-Audiobook/B0D6NKTJ87